区域气候模式与作物模型联接的影响评估模拟实验及不确定性分析

利用英国Hadley中心开发的区域气候模式RCMPRECIS(网格分辨率50km×50km),与经过田间试验资料和历史气候资料验证和校准过的CERES系列作物模式相结合,就区域气候模式与作物模式联接的影响评估方法及其不确定性进行了评估。结果表明,相对于大气环流模型来说,区域气候模式与作物模型的结合省去了随机天气发生器的中间环节,减小了不确定性产生的因素。在站点模拟上,该方法在平原地区的模拟效果较好,而山区的模拟效果较差,但如果能用实测天气数据对模拟的天气数据进行验证,模拟效果明显提高。在区域模拟上,该方法可以较好地体现出产量变化的空间分布规律,但由于空间数据的限制,模拟产量与实际产量的偏差较站点水平要大。     

白杨派杂种无性系生根特性研究

通过对采用杂交育种方法选育出的白杨无性系生根性状进行研究。结果表明,新无性系在最早生根时间、主侧根总数量、主侧根总长度等指标上均存在极显著差异,说明各无性系的生根能力具有显著差异。主根平均根数和侧根平均根数两个性状的遗传方差均大于环境方差,其重复力分别可达95％和87％。进一步分析结果表明易生根的无性系根原基数量最多,平均每段插穗约14．7～7．3个．而较难生根的无性系平均每段插穗约5．5～6．8个,难生根的毛白杨根原基数量最少,平均每段插穗约3．3个。通过层次分析法(AHP)对各无性系生根特性的综合评价结果表明：9606、9603、9608、9607、9614、9610、9602等7个无性系生根能力均优于其亲本和毛白杨。     

Salinity effect on plant growth and leaf demography of the mangrove, Avicennia germinans L.

We assessed the effect of salinity on plant growth and leaf expansion rates, as well as the leaf life span and the dynamics of leaf production and mortality in seedlings of Avicennia germinans L. grown at 0, 170, 430, 680, and 940 mol m⁻³ NaCl. The relative growth rates (RGR) after 27 weeks reached a maximum (10.4 mg g⁻¹ d⁻¹) in 170 mol m⁻³ NaCl and decreased by 47 and 44% in plants grown at 680 and 940 mol m⁻³ NaCl. The relative leaf expansion rate (RLER) was maximal at 170 mol m⁻³ NaCl (120 cm m⁻² d⁻¹) and decreased by 57 and 52% in plants grown at 680 and 940 mol m⁻³ NaCl, respectively. In the same manner as RGR and RLER, the leaf production (P) and leaf death (D) decreased in 81 and 67% when salinity increased from 170 to 940 mol m⁻³ NaCl, respectively. Since the decrease in P with salinity was more pronounced than the decrease in D, the net accumulation of leaves per plant decreased with salinity. Additionally, an evident increase in annual mortality rates (λ) and death probability was observed with salinity. Leaf half-life (t _0.5) was 425 days in plants grown at 0 mol m⁻³ NaCl, and decreased to 75 days at 940 mol m⁻³ NaCl. Thus, increasing salinity caused an increase in mortality rate whereas production of new leaves and leaf longevity decreased and, finally, the leaf area was reduced.     

Sabin2型脊髓灰质炎病毒适应人胚肺二倍体细胞不同代次病毒滴度与5′端非编码区变异关系

脊髓灰质炎病毒(Poliovirus)是一类无包膜单股正链RNA病毒,基因组长约7．5kb。其5′端非编码区由约742个核苷酸长,主要与病毒RNA复制、蛋白翻译起始、病毒颗粒的装配及病毒的细胞适应减毒及神经毒力密切相关。我们研究发现,脊髓灰质炎病毒(Sabin株)在人胚肺二倍体细胞(KME17)上致细胞病变较猴肾细胞慢,病毒产量亦明显低于恒河猴肾细胞培养,国内外也有类似的报道。     

空气致敏花粉污染研究的最新进展

孢粉是一种重要的空气致敏原,可引起不同程度的花粉症,严重困扰人们的日常生活。目前,对花粉症的研究日趋深入。本文综述了花粉飘散规律及预报,致敏原的确定,分子生物学和免疫治疗方面的最新进展,并提出了展望。     

Biotransformation of 14-deacetoxyl sinenxan A by Ginkgo cell suspension cultures and the cytotoxic activity evaluation

14-Deacetoxyl sinenxan A [2,5,10β-triacetoxy-4(20),11-taxadiene, 1] was converted to two new products, 10β-hydroxy-2,5-diacetoxy-4(20),11-taxadiene (2) and 10β-butyloxy-2,5-diacetoxy-4(20),11-taxadiene (3) both about in 20% yields by Ginkgo cell suspension cultures. Their structures were identified on the basis of their chemical and spectroscopic data. The three compounds (1–3) were preliminarily evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activities against two solid tumor cell lines and their drug-resistant counterparts (KB and KB/V, MCF-7 and MCF-7/ADR), and the decreased activities were observed in the case of the two products. The results suggested that biotransformation might be a valuable approach to diversifying natural products and provide some useful information on the study on the structure–activity relationships of the type of compounds.     

猪瘟DNA疫苗在猪体及环境的生物安全性研究

DNA疫苗生物安全性是其走向临床所须解决的关键问题之一。以猪瘟DNA疫苗为研究对象 ,探讨了其两个方面的生物安全性问题。一方面 ,将两种不同的猪瘟DNA疫苗质粒免疫猪后 ,利用PCR技术分析了其与猪细胞基因组整合的可能性 ,结果在灵敏度为 30拷贝的检测条件下 ,未发现猪瘟DNA疫苗整合到细胞基因组 ;另一方面 ,以PCR技术检测了免疫现场环境样品 ,以分析猪瘟DNA疫苗上的E2基因、CMV启动子基因和抗性基因是否在环境细菌中发生转移和扩散。结果未发现DNA疫苗转化环境细菌的直接证据。因此认为DNA疫苗对猪体和环境是安全的。     

Preferable stimulation of PON1 arylesterase activity by phosphatidylcholines with unsaturated acyl chains or oxidized acyl chains at sn-2 position

To examine the effect of phospholipids on PON1 activities, purified PON1 was exposed to phospholipids prior to the determination of arylesterase and paraoxonase activities. Phosphatidylcholines with saturated acyl chains (C10-C16) showed a stimulation of both activities, chain length-dependent, with a greater stimulation of arylesterase activity, suggesting the implication of lipid bilayer in the stimulatory action. Such a preferable stimulation of arylesterase activity was more remarkable with phosphatidylcholines with polyunsaturated acyl chains or oxidized chains at sn-2 position, implying that the packing degree of acyl chain may be also important for the preferable stimulation of arylesterase activity. Separately, 1-palmitoyl-lysoPC also stimulated arylesterase activity preferably, indicating that the micellar formation of lipids around PON1 also contributes to the stimulatory action. Additionally, phosphatidylglycerols slightly enhanced arylesterase activity, but not paraoxonase activity. In contrast, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidic acid (≥0.1 mM) inhibited both activities Further, such a preferable stimulation of arylesterase activity by phosphatidylcholines was also reproduced with VLDL-bound PON1, although to a less extent. These data indicate that phosphatidylcholines with polyunsaturated acyl chains or oxidized chain, or lysophosphatidylcholine cause a preferable stimulation of arylesterase activity, thereby contributing to the decrease in the ratio of paraoxonase activity to arylesterase activity.     

Efficient and repetitive production of leaf-derived somatic embryos of Oncidium

Oncidium cultivars gave different embryogenic responses of leaf explants when affected by auxins (2,4-D, IAA, IBA and NAA), cytokinins (2iP, BA, kinetin, TDZ and zeatin), sucrose, NaH₂PO₄, casein hydrolysate, peptone, and glutamine. The best embryogenic responses of cv. Sweet Sugar were at 20 g dm⁻³ sucrose, 85 mg dm⁻³ NaH₂PO₄ and 3 mg dm⁻³ kinetin, respectively. The development of somatic embryos on leaf explants of cv. Sweet Sugar was delayed for about 10 – 20 d in comparison with cv. Gower Ramsey. On growth regulator-free medium, about 40 % of leaf derived embryos of cv. Gower Ramsey were fused together in their basal parts and so called multiple-state embryos. However, under the same condition, the embryos of cv. Sweet Sugar were all in multiple-state form.     

Multilocus Sequence Typing Supports the Hypothesis that Cow- and Human-Associated Salmonella Isolates Represent Distinct and Overlapping Populations

A collection of 179 human and 156 bovine clinical Salmonella isolates obtained from across New York state over the course of 1 year was characterized using serotyping and a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme based on the sequencing of three genes (fimA, manB, and mdh). The 335 isolates were differentiated into 52 serotypes and 72 sequence types (STs). Analyses of bovine isolates collected on different farms over time indicated that specific subtypes can persist over time on a given farm; in particular, a number of farms showed evidence for the persistence of a specific Salmonella enterica serotype Newport sequence type. Serotypes and STs were not randomly distributed among human and bovine isolates, and selected serotypes and STs were associated exclusively with either human or bovine sources. A number of common STs were geographically widespread. For example, ST6, which includes isolates representing serotype Typhimurium as well as the emerging serotype 4,5,12:i:-, was found among human and bovine isolates in a number of counties in New York state. Phylogenetic analyses supported the possibility that serotype 4,5,12:i:- is closely related to Salmonella serotype Typhimurium. Salmonella serotype Newport was found to represent two distinct evolutionary lineages that differ in their frequencies among human and bovine isolates. A number of Salmonella isolates carried two copies of manB (33 isolates) or showed small deletion events in fimA (nine isolates); these duplication and deletion events may provide mechanisms for the rapid diversification of Salmonella surface molecules. We conclude that the combined use of an economical three-gene MLST scheme and serotyping can provide considerable new insights into the evolution and transmission of Salmonella.